[The post title was going to be "How to entertain toddlers." But then I thought, well, Bubs is a particular toddler with particular preferences; I couldn't really claim to have the definitive list of how to keep kids his age -- nearly two -- occupied. The reason I'm really sharing this is because it's an ongoing learning experience for me, trying to match the growing demands of an increasingly sophisticated brain. It might be useful to someone else, in the way that I learned from friends with older kids].
So.
1. Stickers. I used to be a sticker fiend and I have oodles of remnants from my scrapbooking days. Stickers almost always work with Bubs. I give him a sheet of them, plus blank paper or a throwaway box, and off he goes. But there are practical benefits: stickers help promote fine motor skills (peeling them off takes dextrous fingers!) even as they stretch the little one's attention span. I once got twenty minutes' peace when he was 13 months old, leaving him to play with stickers. He somehow ended up with half a dozen on his forehead, but that's the fun part for mummy!
2. Drawing/painting. With painting, I alternate between using fingers, brushes, and sponges. Each delivers its own learning focus (texture/sensation, hand-eye coordination, applying pressure). Painting is of course a messy business that requires set-up, supervision, and clean-up, but it's a fun activity with a visually rewarding outcome. With drawing, I used to let Bubs use textas but then I spent half the time fretting about permanent stains on furniture and clothing, so crayons are the thing at this stage. We normally draw together on one big page, so he can observe and recognise the things I make (elephant, house, plane, car, etc) while he happily freehands. (IKEA sells a fantastic roll of large, blank paper which is perfect for these activities).
3. Play dough. Bubs used to try to nibble on play dough, but he quit after a few admonishments. (It probably doesn't taste good, anyway). At this stage, his molding skills are pretty low level: mashing, squishing, patting, and otherwise destroying mummy's sculptures. But again, it's a kinetic/tactile activity that engages his brain. It involves naming objects that mummy makes freehand/with shape cutters, sticking things into the the clay (feathers, popsicle sticks etc) to make a new object (ball becomes bird). It's something he'll sit down for, for quite a long time.
4. Sand pit. Fortunately, we've got the sort of outdoor space that allows a permanent sandpit. A couple weekends ago, Hubs built one in the courtyard with four sleepers (3x8 solid timber pieces), bolts, weed mat and sand. Bubs lurves it (and no, he doesn't eat the sand). Because of the glass door and windows, I can even keep an eye on him while I stay inside and do stuff.
5. Toy library. If there's one run by the local council (as ours is), then take out membership, pronto! As Bubs grew, we found that toys had limited engagement span; after a while, he'd just get over the novelty and look for something else (in our bathroom drawers, in the study, etc). It's far too impractical to keep buying new stuff, and that's where the toy library more than pays for itself. Our fees were $75 a year (a portion of which you get a rebate if you volunteer for a few hours), and we could borrow any three toys for two weeks at a time (renewable). There is an amazing range, anything from small wooden puzzles to toddler-sized play kitchens. This means that Bubs' play-learning experiences are quite diverse, ideal for the formative years.
6. Books. He lurves them. Completely. He has been surrounded by his own books from when he was a baby, before he could even hold them properly. There is as much space for them in his corner of the lounge room as there are for toys. Certainly, reading was something we promoted early on, the value of which does not need explaining. It seems to have paid off. Bubs now sometimes insists on being read to (like on the potty), but quite often, he'll sit himself down on his little couch and go through his books one by one. It's quite a charming sight.
7. Children's television. OK so this is probably controversial for some people. But my take on it is that, as long as a) the viewing experience is parent-mediated (sit with your child and talk through what is happening), and b) there is a set duration (turn off after one show/segment, allocate at regular times during the day e.g. at morning tea), then TV-viewing is absolutely fine. Even for toddlers. I've seen Bubs name objects, connect what's on telly to what's real, interact (e.g. dance to music/imitate actions), and respond appropriately to plot points (e.g. crying out "Oh no!")... well, these speak of the educational value of television. The caveat, of course, is in the choice of programs, and this requires quite a bit of parental discretion.